التفاؤل والتشاؤم في أدب العصرالجاهلي والعصرالإسلامي (دراسة موازنة)

Optimism and pessimism in the literature of the pre-Islamic era and the Islamic era (A Comparative study)

Abstract

There are two types of people: a desperate pessimist who faces the challenges of life with defeat, flight and surrender, and an optimistic hopeful who faces them with patience and struggle, courage and daring, and confidence in victory. And many manifestations of mental illness. Optimists live a stable life together, expect goodness, look at events and situations with moderation and balance, and search for opportunities more than they search for problems. Optimism is needed by the average individual as well as needed by leaders and messengers.

The Arabs used to have pessimism and superstition, and they expected evil when they saw material manifestations, which they interpreted as such, when someone saw a black bird, for example, or when a man with a disability and illness greeted him, or when the bird headed to the north..., those beliefs that may have diverted a person from his travel , or about a need from its needs. Islam came and nullified these manifestations. Therefore, this research sheds light on optimism and pessimism in the literature of the pre-Islamic and Islamic era (the beginning of Islam and the Umayyads).

Key words: desperate, pessimist, challenges, surrender, manifestations