Al-Abṣār (الابصار)

The Introductory Study of Allama Muhammad bin Beer Ali Al Maroof Barkli and his Imaginary Services

Hafiza Firdous Jabeen, Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Asghar — Sun, 29 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Allah Almighty created great personalities in the ummah of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). According to their ability, all the scholars spread the Islamic light by remedying disbelief, polytheism, immorality and innovations. Allama Zainuddin Muhammad bin Bir Ali known as Berkli. He is one of the leading scholars of Hanafi jurisprudence. He was a great spiritual leader and scholar of the 10th century Hijri. He had a deep understanding of jurisprudence, beliefs, knowledge of kalaam, and vocabulary. Most of his books are related to jurisprudence. He founded a great religious school in Turkey called Berkeley. Also established. This thesis contains an introduction to Allama Berkley and his writing services. While working on this research, the written material and supporting materials have been selected very carefully and the authenticity of all references has been taken care of.

India's Sufi Order and Interfaith Harmony

Hafiz saif ur Rehman, Arham Ehsan — Sun, 29 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Sufism revolves around nurturing the human soul, urging individuals to embrace virtue and abandon vice. Unlike the mere physical existence of humanity, the spiritual dimension plays a crucial role, and Sufism, deeply rooted in Islamic teachings, provides guidance for this inner journey. Grounded in moderation, Sufism fulfills one of the key missions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), emphasizing purification of the heart and soul alongside acquiring wisdom and understanding.

Central to this ethos is the concept of Ihsan, as highlighted in the Hadith Jibreel, which describes excellence in worship and mindfulness of God. This essence of Sufism integrates faith, worship, and spiritual refinement. Imam Malik aptly remarked on the balance between jurisprudence and Sufism, stating that true understanding comes from combining both disciplines.

In the Indian subcontinent, Sufism significantly shaped Islam's spread and its coexistence with other religions. Prominent figures like Hazrat Ali Hajvari (Data Ganj Bakhsh) and Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti brought Sufism to the region, advocating for unity and harmony. Their teachings opposed extremism and bridged communities, focusing on humanity rather than divisions.

Sufi monasteries, or khanqahs, played a pivotal role in this transformation. They served as sanctuaries for marginalized communities, fostering social welfare and providing spiritual guidance. These institutions strengthened Sufism’s presence, creating an inclusive environment that transcended caste and creed.

This article delves into the origin and essence of Sufism, explores its foundational principles, and traces its role in fostering interfaith harmony in the subcontinent. It also provides an overview of four major Sufi orders in India, detailing their contributions to promoting a unified and spiritually enriched society. Through these efforts, Sufism remains a beacon of peace and integration in diverse cultures.

The Methodology and Reasoning of Allamah Anwar Shah Kashmiri in Hadith Studies (In the Light of Al-Arf Al-Shadhi)

Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Ahsan Raza, Dr Hafiz Maqbool Ahmad — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

"The importance of the Prophetic word/ Hadith is an outstanding topic in Islamic studies being a basic source of Islamic teachings. In this way, the science of Hadith has its own significance and there is found a lot of excellent literature produced in this regard. Among the people who contributed in this field, the name of Anwar Shah Kashmiri is also included. He wrote a book entitled "العرف الشذی" in this regard, a unique one. In the following article, this book is focused on analysing the methodology of argumentation of the author for the purpose of understanding the technicalities of the science of Hadith."

Chronological Discrepancies in Seerah Events (A Study of Maulana Ishaq al-Nabi's Research)

Abdul mannan, Dr. Mohammad Hamid Raza — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In the primary sources of the Prophet Muhammad's ﷺ biography, occasional chronological inconsistencies are observed. Maulana Ishaq al-Nabi Rampuri, in his work "Hal al-Tadad fi Tawarikh Seerat Khair al-Ibad", presents a unique scholarly theory to explain these inconsistencies. According to his research, the early biographers of the Seerah encountered reports based on two different calendrical systems: the Makkan (lunar-solar) and the Madinan (pure lunar) calendars. The blending of these calendars led to certain chronological discrepancies in the historical records of Seerah. Maulana Ishaq al-Nabi analyzed these differences through his "dual-calendar theory" and developed comparative charts, incorporating the Makkan, Madinan, and Julian calendars.

This article provides an analytical study of Maulana Ishaq al-Nabi's research and examines the five types of historical discrepancies he identified. The paper evaluates the validity of his analysis by reviewing the chronological differences in key events of Seerah—such as the Hijrah, major battles, the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, the Conquest of Makkah, and the Farewell Pilgrimage. The findings of this study suggest that the "dual-calendar theory" offers a plausible framework for resolving historical inconsistencies, thereby contributing to a more coherent and reliable chronological understanding of Seerah events.

Quranic Concept of Predestination(Qadar) and Human Freedom(ikhtiyaar): A Thematic Analysis

Hafeeza Bano Arain, Sayeda Aftab khatoon — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Qur’anic discourse on Predestination (Qadar) and Human Freedom (Ikhtiyar) presents a delicate balance between divine sovereignty and human responsibility. Qadar reflects Allah’s absolute knowledge, will, and power over creation, while Ikhtiyar represents human moral agency, accountability, and the capacity to make choices. The Qur’an establishes a dynamic interplay between these concepts, affirming that while all events occur within Allah’s divine decree (Al-Qada’ wa Al-Qadar), humans remain accountable for their actions. This study explores key Qur’anic themes such as Al-Qada’ (Divine Decree), Al-Qadar (Predestination), Al-Ikhtiyar (Free Will), and Tawfiq (Divine Guidance) to analyze how the Qur’an reconciles divine determinism with moral responsibility. The research highlights that Islamic thought does not endorse absolute determinism or radical free will but instead promotes a balanced framework in which human effort and divine will coexist. By examining this relationship thematically, this study underscores the ethical implications of Qadar and Ikhtiyar, emphasizing the necessity of moral responsibility in Islamic teachings.

The basic Discourses of the Orientalists in Hadith criticism

Safia, Dr. Aliya Javed, Prof. Dr. Atta Ur Rahman — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The formal study of the intellectual heritage of Muslims by Orientalists began during the colonial era and continues today. The Orientalists who have gained fame in this field focus on the Quran, Hadiths, biography of the Prophet (peace be upon him), and Islamic jurisprudence. The opinions of the Orientalists who have presented their studies on the subject of Hadith vary and differ in many places, while there is agreement among them on some aspects. If we look at these agreed upon issues, it becomes clear that these are the issues on which Orientalists have based their arguments, which have given rise to misunderstandings and doubts in the Muslim and non-Muslim worlds. Muslim scholars have provided a comprehensive answer to all the objections and doubts of Orientalists regarding hadith, and their writings contain such scholarly gems that, after coming to light, there is now a slight change in the Orientalist approach to the study of hadith. It is important for those interested in the biography and character of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his teachings to know the basic supplications that every orientalist has taken into account in the criticism of hadith. To fulfill this need, this article presents such unanimous cases found among Orientalists and critically analyzes them from an academic perspective in the light of Islamic thought.

A Research Analysis of Imam al-Bukhari’s Term: "Munkar al-Hadith" in Al-Tarikh al-Kabir

Dr. Muhammad Noman, Salman Khan, Shahid Hussain — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Holy Qur’an is a divine book that serves as a source of guidance for all of humanity. Its practical interpretation is found in the blessed sayings (Ahadith) of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. The preservation of these Ahadith was taken up by Allah Himself, who, in every era, appointed exceptional individuals who played a pivotal role in safeguarding them. On the other hand, the enemies of Islam have always tried to attribute falsehoods to the Prophet ﷺ in an attempt to weaken the very foundations of Islam. However, these chosen servants of Allah established such a strong and meticulous scholarly system that distinguishing truth from falsehood became possible. To serve this purpose, the science of Asma' al-Rijal (biographical evaluation of narrators) was developed. This discipline investigates the reliability, truthfulness, and weaknesses of the narrators of Hadith. In this field, scholars of Hadith engage in Jarh wa Ta’dil—the critique and validation of narrators—and present various scholarly opinions to determine the credibility or weakness of a narrator. Imam al-Bukhari (may Allah have mercy on him) is considered one of the foremost experts in this science. His book Al-Tarikh al-Kabir has been a valuable reference for scholars of every era. In this work, Imam Bukhari uses several terminologies while commenting on narrators, one of the significant ones being "Munkar al-Hadith". This research paper explores the meaning and implication of this term according to Imam Bukhari: what kind of criticism he intends by using it, and how other scholars of Jarh wa Ta’dil have used and understood this term. These questions form the central discussion of this study.

“Ayat ul Ahkam” of selected Verses in Tafsir e Mahasin Al Quran and Tafsir Hikmatul Quran: An analytical and comparative Study

Hafeez ur Rahman, Dr. Najmul Hassan; Dr. Aziz Ahmad — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Tafsir Mahasin al-Qur'an follows a structured approach, beginning with a simple and fluent Urdu translation. After translation, it elaborates on interpretative points, followed by a systematic discussion of relevant rulings and commandments. Mufti Ghulam ur-Rahman occasionally delves into topics of Sufism and politics within his exegesis. Additionally, he addresses contemporary issues and provides their resolutions, adhering to the Hanafi school of thought in jurisprudential matters.

Similarly, Tafsir Hikmat al-Qur'an follows a methodical sequence, starting with the direct translation of verses. It then presents the Shan-e-Nuzul (circumstantial revelation) in accordance with the context. The interpretation is enriched with hadith references and the sayings of early scholars (Salaf), often following the exegetical approach of Imam Shawkani. Occasionally, after explaining a few verses, the tafsir includes beneficial insights and wisdom. Furthermore, at the beginning of each surah, it provides an overview of the surah’s structure, themes, and connections, while highlighting its unique features at the end.

This systematic and comprehensive approach makes both Tafsir Mahasin al-Qur'an and Tafsir Hikmat al-Qur'an valuable resources for understanding the Qur'an in an accessible and insightful manner.

Exploring the Role of Negotiators in Crisis Situations in the Context of Pakistan With an Insight from Islamic Teachings

Muniba Gull, Dr. Maqbool Hassan — Sun, 29 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research study explores the role of negotiators in crises within the context of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Crisis negotiators must establish contact with subjects, identify their demands, and work to resolve tense and often volatile standoffs without loss of life. Tactical teams must prepare to neutralize subjects through swift tactical means. For a coordinated response to be successful, each component of the crisis negotiation team needs to understand clearly the functions of the others. This research clarifies the role of crisis negotiators who find themselves in command of hostage or other critical incidents. Such understanding has taken on particular importance in recent years. Negotiators have become very active due partly to the reputations they have established for the successful, peaceful resolution of various types of critical incidents. The research study also addresses mishandled crises in Pakistan and the essential role and need of negotiators on the spot for Pakistan's law enforcement agencies. Crisis Negotiation, if appropriately utilized, can be highly effective and greatly enhance the range of situations a negotiator will be prepared to handle. This foundation in relationship and communication is essential in crises for negotiations to progress to the point where conflict between the parties is mitigated and agreements can be made. This study also addresses the psychological impact of hostage crises combined with elements of suicidal despair and homicidal rage, often aggravated by a severe mental disorder and fueled by drugs or by certain ideologists. Furthermore, the study also explains the victim's syndrome within the crisis and its effects on their mental health after any crisis. For example, Stockholm syndrome is an emotional response. This study also includes the Islamic perspective on the role of negotiators, crisis management in Islam, and conflict resolution in the Islamic perspective. That gave guidelines to Pakistan's law enforcement agencies to develop a crisis negotiation module.

The inevitability of national unity and harmony in the country's integrity in the context of the Righteous Caliphate

Dr. Muhammad Irfan Nazir — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Unity is the essence of all devine teachings and Islam specifically paid high attention to establish the harmony among Muslim followers. The unity plays vital role in integrity of a country.The period of Rightly Guided Caliphs ( Khilafat-e-Rashida) is counted as the golden period in Islamic History. The rulings received from the Rightly Guided Caliphs are actually the original version and the best course for the Muslims to follow and act upon. In this article some noble examples have been gathered from that era which emphasizes on the significance of unity and harmony and helps to eradicate the terror and conflicts among Muslims.

Critical Analysis of Environmental Legislations in Pakistan: Exploring the Inclusion and Application of Environmental Ethics and Islamic Injunctions

Dr. ٖFatima, Ms. Johar Wajahat Maraghzar — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The summary of the environment is air, soil and water which contains the ingredients of biology, chemistry, physics and botany in it.The term environment is used for all the objects which are present in the universe.
The creator has created this universe with perfect balance which reflects through the punctuality and dutifulness of the created objects like the sun, moon, stars, sky, and earth. Human beings have been given the highest rank among the creatures, and thus he made the custodians more accountable for the protection of the environment.
In the present age, we observe the natural and pure environment has been spoiled by the environmental pollution which has dangerous causes in its background; it has become a more serious barrier to the promotion of a clean and green atmosphere.
This research explores the extent to which current environmental laws in Pakistan incorporate principles of environmental ethics in legislations, on sustainability and related Islamic injunctions. By analyzing Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997, and recent constitutional amendments, the paper investigates how these laws integrate environmental ethics, which emphasize the moral responsibility of humans to protect and preserve nature for future generations. The paper further explores the Pakistan environmental laws and Islamic injunctions, to bring out the way how Islamic teachings on environmental stewardship are incorporated into the country's legal framework. It analyzes how these principles in practice play out in real life and provides insight into whether the present laws are adequately working to promote sustainable development, ecological balance, and the duty to protect the environment. Findings taken from the above discussion suggest that although lot of success has been achieved in regarding legality and ethics, still need improvements for the better sustainability and ethical orientation of environmental governance in Pakistan.