International Journal of Natural Medicine and Health Sciences

Associated risk factors with COVID-19 and mortality in District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan; A cross-sectional study

Ijaz Ali — 2023-12-31

The novel COVID-19 is associated with so many other diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, chronic lungs disease, sore throat and flu resulting serious health complications. Thus, we aimed to find the associated risk factors, comorbidities and mortality rate due to COVID-19 in the Northern area of Pakistan. A self-designed data entry sheet was used to collect patients’ information. The study was conducted in Saidu group of teaching hospital in Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Descriptive statistics and relevant analysis were calculated using SPSS software. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The current study involved 4057 subjects, with median age 42 years. COVID-19 was confirmed in 812 (20.01%) patients. The total death rate was 9.11% (74/812), with cardiovascular and diabetes being the most prevalent comorbidities 38 (4.7%) and 37 (4.6%), respectively, with a P-value of 0.001, followed by chronic lung disease (6 (0.7%) with a P-value of 0.013. The most common symptoms were cough 556 (68.5%), fever 573 (70.6%) and shortness of breath 209 (25.7%). We found that the mortality rate among patients was highest in older age. Those with comorbidities had a risk of fatality. These findings will assist the clinicians and healthcare providers to reduce the morbidity and mortality rates and combating the COVID-19 pandemic.

An overview on medicinally important plant: Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis Link) Schneider

Saima Siddique — 2023-12-31

Simmondsia chinensis or Jojoba is the diaceous, perennial, slow growing and evergreen shrub and indigenous plant of California, United States and Mexico’s Sonoran Desert. Jojoba comprises nitrile glycosides groups called simmondsin’s compounds, stanols, sterols, toccopherols and flavonoids. The extracts of leaves, root and latex of jojoba possess anti-microbial, antiviral, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor properties. Various cosmetic formulation use jojoba as an important element of their product to enhance their moisturizing potential. Jojoba is applied for the treatment of psoriasis and acne-prone skin lesion. jojoba leaves and meal can be used as staple food and possess possible medicinal potentials. Jojoba oil is growing non-palatable oil, utilized as an unrefined substance for the production of biodiesel and development of the development of cleansers, plastics, environment friendly power and ointments. Its worldwide production is developing quickly and is supposed to arrive at 22,000 tons by 2022. This review focuses on the pharmacological medicinal and economic benefits of Jojoba.

Colorectal Cancer in Pakistan: genetic, molecular, and epidemiological perspectives

Rao Zubair Khaliq — 2023-12-31

Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as a major health concern globally, with a notable impact in Pakistan. The epidemiology of CRC in this region reveals a higher prevalence in men and an increasing incidence in younger age groups. Risk factors contributing to CRC encompass a blend of lifestyle choices and genetic predispositions. The genetic and molecular pathways which are crucial to understanding of CRC pathogenesis include the CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP), Chromosomal Instability (CIN), and Microsatellite Instability (MSI). The challenge of late-stage diagnosis due to limited screening is a critical factor affecting survival rates in Pakistan. Compared to higher incidence rates in developed countries, the situation in Pakistan underscores the need for region-specific research and healthcare strategies. The review provides an in-depth analysis of CRC's epidemiology, risk factors, and molecular mechanisms in Pakistan, highlighting the urgent need for enhanced research, prevention, diagnosis and treatment methods in the region.

A fleeting appraisal of H. rhamnoides plant

Ahsan Zahid — 2023-12-31

Sea buckthorn Plant contains many dietary and medicinal compounds and it can be beneficial for human health. Mostly whole plant can be used for medicine. This plant can be grow in hilly areas of Pakistan. Four species and nine subtypes of H. rhamnoides can be identified across the world. Sea buckthorn has high medicinal importance due to its anti-oxidant value. The seed, pulp, fruit, and juice of Sea buckthorn showed over 190 bioactive components. Different chemical constituents can be present in it such as “Fat-soluble, vitamins (A, K, E), 22 fatty acids, 42 lipids, organic acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, Vitamins C, B1, B2, B6, B12, folic acid, Tocopherols and flavonoids, phenols, terpenes, and tannins”. The oil content of mature seeded, dried organic product mash and fruits accumulation after squeeze extraction is “8-20%, 20-25%, and 15-20%” respectively. The data was collected using Google scholar, pub Med, Med Rxiv. The use of Hippophae, extracts dramatically reduced the lethality of sulphur mustard. Animal toxicity tests were conducted utilizing base formulations and extract. All the biochemical values relating to “fuel metabolism, liver function, renal function, and haematological parameters” were normal. Hippophae oil used to treat heart difficulties, joint inflammation, skin disorders, and cancer but during pregnancy and surgery it cannot be used. different pharmacological activities can be done such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-healing, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, anti-radiations, anti-carcinogenic and platelet aggregation.

Analysis of the capability of IgG antibodies and receptors with their relationships to food tolerance and autoimmune disorders

Awais Ali — 2023-12-31

Recent research has shed light on a particular IgG mediated reaction that may serve as a natural
defense mechanism against food-borne infections. The immune system has an unmistakable
boundary when it comes to self-antigen intolerance. Tolerance establishment and maintenance
to dietary antigens are critically impacted by IgG. Mutable auto immunological diseases are
characterized by polyclonal antibodies and autoreactivity of B and T cells. Based on
differences in the hinge area and the constant section of heavy chains, IgG subclasses are
classified as IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4. The ratio of IgG subclasses in serum is thought to
be diagnostic of a particular autoimmune disease that causes autoantigens, according to various
pieces of evidence. Through their regulation of interactions amongst Immunoglobulin Fcgamma receptors, and complement, several studies have examined blood levels of IgG
subclasses throughout the course of various illnesses, suggesting that they may play a
pathogenic role. A high level of sub-neutralizing and cross-reactive non-neutralizing
antibodies against viruses might accelerate the course of action of certain viral infections
through a process known as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). The increased
pathogenicity in ADE in vitro models has been linked to viral entry through the Fcγ receptor
(FcγR) instead of the canonical viral receptor. Various viral diseases, including as dengue
virus or SARS-CoV, are investigated in relation to FcγR engagement.

Therapeutic effects of Digitalis purpurea on cardiovascular system

Muhammad Ibrahim Khalil — 2023-12-31

Cardiac glycosides have been widely utilized in the treatment of congestive heart failure since William Withering first described their use in his research on the efficacy of the leaves of the Digitalis purpurea (common foxglove plant) in the late 18th century. Despite being widely used in medical practice for the next 200 years, these classes of remedy' effectiveness and safety are still hotly contested issues. It is also debatable whether the sympatholytic or positive inotropic effects of these drugs are the mechanism most relevant to relieving cardiac failure symptoms in people with systolic ventricular dysfunction, despite the fact that their molecular target for action is the a-subunit of sarcolemma Na+ K+ -ATPase found on most eukaryotic cell membranes. In this article, we go through the clinical and molecular pharmacology of this venerable class of remedy, as well as the symptoms of Digitalis purpurea poisoning and how to manage them. The effectiveness of this remedy in treating cardiac failure is also reviewed in considerable depth, with an emphasis on the Digoxin Investigation Group data set. The use of Digitalis purpurea preparations will inevitably decline with the maturation of newer pharmacotherapies, even though, in our opinion, the data overall support their continued use for the care of cardiac failure symptoms in sufferers already taking modern multidrug therapy for this disease.