Critical Analysis of William Montgomery Watt’s Approach in “Muhammad at Madina”

Abstract

This research article critically examines William Montgomery Watt's approach in his seminal work Muhammad at Madina, with a focus on his historiographical methodology, theological assumptions, and interpretative strategies. Watt’s portrayal of the Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) leadership in Medina, including his political, social, and religious reforms, reflects a nuanced understanding of early Islamic history. However, his work has also been critiqued for its reliance on orientalist frameworks and Western academic biases. This study evaluates Watt’s use of primary sources, particularly early Islamic texts, and analyzes the implications of his interpretations for understanding the socio-political dynamics of Medina. By engaging with contemporary scholarship and comparing Watt’s conclusions with Islamic perspectives, the article aims to assess the strengths and limitations of his approach, offering a balanced critique that situates his contributions within the broader discourse of Islamic studies. Ultimately, this analysis underscores the importance of contextual and methodological rigor in the study of prophetic biography.