A comparative study on Cordyceps militaris and Ophiocordyceps sinensis

Abstract

Background: Cordyceps mushrooms have a long history of traditional use, both as a medicine and food supplement. In Asia, it has been used in ethnomedicine for centuries because of their aphrodisiac effects, tonic effects, ability to reduce fatigue, quick recovery from sickness and boosting immune system in humans. Due to high price and huge demand, the species of Cordyceps are very popular all over the world. This paper includes two famous and widely used species of Cordyceps that are Cordyceps militaris and Ophio sinensis. Aim of the study: This review aims to focus on, introduction and importance of these two species, their ecology, scientific classification, worldwide distribution, collection, natural growth, insect-fungus mechanism, medicinal uses, therapeutic effects, description of the chemical compounds, cordycepin as an anti-cancer agent, economic impact and their artificial cultivation. Methodology: All data in this paper are collected from different review and research articles from Google Scholar, PubMed, Microsoft Academic, Science.gov, ResearchGate and Worldwide Science. Conclusion: The discussed two species of Cordyceps are complex fungi with a unique insect-fungus relationship, having a number of important bio-active components specially cordycepin, cordycepic acid and adenosine. These components have wide range of biomedical importance from boosting human immune system to anti-cancer activity. Scientific studies, both in vitro and in vivo should be conducted to evaluate its clinical activities to provide scientific based evidence to certify its safe and effective use as a drug.