Do demand side variables influence financial inclusion? Lessons from South Punjab – Pakistan

Authors

  • Muhammad Ijaz Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), Malaysia.
  • Hassan Mujtaba N. Saleem Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), Malaysia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52461/jftis.v1i1.1795

Keywords:

Financial Inclusion, demand side variables, south Punjab

Abstract

Financial inclusion helps to eradicate poverty and unemployment and improves the livelihoods of the public. This research aims to examine the demand side variables that influence financial Inclusion in south Punjab, Pakistan. This research has examined the influence of education, income, accessibility, and religious belief on financial inclusion. This study has used a quantitative research design. The Likert scale questionnaire was distributed among two hundred and eighty respondents through convenience sampling.  SPSS 16 has been used for data analysis in this research. Results showed that income, education, and accessibility have a significant and positive impact on financial inclusion, but no significant relationship between religious belief and financial inclusion is found due to the availability of Islamic banking in Pakistan. This research is significant for financial inclusion policymakers and for financial institutions as it will help them to make programs to promote financial inclusion accordingly. On the supply side, a lot of work has been done but negligible work has been done on the demand side of financial inclusion. This study investigated the demand side variables that influence financial inclusion.

References

Alliance for Financial Inclusion. (2013). Measuring financial inclusion core set of financial inclusion indicators. AFI. https://www.afi-global.org/publications/measuring-financial-inclusion-core-set-of-financial-inclusion-indicators/

Beck, T., & de la Torre, A. (2006). The basic analytics of access to financial services. The World Bank. https://ideas.repec.org/p/wbk/wbrwps/4026.html

Bergh, P. V. (2015). Overview of international and national initiatives to promote financial inclusion and its measurement. In IFC Workshop on Financial Inclusion Indicators Co-hosted by Bank Negara Malaysia. http://www.bis.org/ifc/publ/ifcb38a.pdf

Bhanot, D., Bapat, V., & Bera, S. (2012). Studying financial inclusion in north‐east India. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 30(6), 465-484. https://doi.org/10.1108/02652321211262221

Cano-Sánz, C. G., Esguerra-Umaña, M. d. P., García-Bohórquez, N., Rueda-Gil, J. L., & Velasco-Martínez, A. M. (2013). Acceso a servicios financieros en Colombia. Borradores de Economía; No. 776. https://repositorio.banrep.gov.co/handle/20.500.12134/5916

Central Bank of Samoa. (2015). Financial Services Demand Side Survey Samoa. https://www.cbs.gov.ws/assets/Uploads/DMS-5/5407Demand-Side-Survey-for-Samoa.pdf

CGAP. (2016). What is Financial Inclusion and Why is it Important? CGAP. http://www.cgap.org/about/faq/what-financial-inclusion-and-why-it-important

Christabell, P. J., & Vimal, R. A. (2012). Financial Inclusion in Rural India: The role of Microfinance as a tool. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(5), 21-25. https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jhss/papers/Vol2-issue5/D0252125.pdf

Claessens, S. (2006). Access to financial services: A review of the issues and public policy objectives. The World Bank Research Observer, 21(2), 207-240. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkl004

Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (1992). A First Course in Factor Analysis. Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315827506

Demirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., Singer, D., & Ansar, S. (2018). The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring financial inclusion and the fintech revolution. World Bank Publications. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/29510

European Commission. (2008). Financial Services Provision and Prevention of Financial Exclusion. European Commission. https://www.bristol.ac.uk/media-library/sites/geography/migrated/documents/pfrc0806.pdf

Fungáčová, Z., & Weill, L. (2015). Understanding financial inclusion in China. China Economic Review, 34, 196-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2014.12.004

Ghatak, A. (2013). Demand side factors affecting financial inclusion. Research Journal of Social Science & Management, 3(1), 2251-2157.

Gupta, P., & Singh, B. (2013). Role of literacy level in financial inclusion in India: Empirical evidence. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 1(3), 272-276. http://www.joebm.com/papers/59-X10007.pdf

Inganga, B. W., Njeru, A., Ombui, K., & Ondabu, I. T. (2014). Factors affecting customer demand of financial services offered by commercial banks in Nairobi county. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4(11), 1-25. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ibrahim-Ondabu/publication/270898074

Izquierdo, N. C., & Tuesta, D. (2015). Factors that matter for financial inclusion: Evidence from Peru. Aestimatio: The IEB International Journal of Finance, (10), 10-31. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5903902

Kanther, P., & Nagabhushan, S. (2012). Workshop on Measuring Financial Inclusion from the Demand Side. Centre for Advanced Financial Research and Learning. https://cafral.org.in/sfControl/content/DocumentFile/122201393050AM_Background%20Paper_June_8_event.pdf

Kempson, E., Perotti, V., & Scott, K. (2013). Measuring Financial Capability : A New Instrument and Results from Low- and Middle-Income Countries. World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16296

King, M. (2012). The unbanked four-fifths: informality and barriers to financial services in Nigeria. IIIS. https://www.tcd.ie/triss/assets/PDFs/iiis/iiisdp411.pdf

Martínez, C. H., Hidalgo, X. P., & Tuesta, D. (2013). Demand factors that influence financial inclusion in Mexico: analysis of the barriers based on the ENIF survey. BBVA Bank, BBVA Research Working Paper, 13, 37. https://www.bbvaresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/mult/WP_1337_tcm348-415216.pdf

Mawuli Akpandjar, G., Quartey, P., & Abor, J. (2013). Demand for financial services by households in Ghana. International Journal of Social Economics, 40(5), 439-457. https://doi.org/10.1108/03068291311315322

Mitton, L. (2008). Financial inclusion in the UK: Review of policy and practice. Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

Naceur, S. B., Barajas, A., & Massara, A. (2017). Can Islamic banking increase financial inclusion? In Handbook of empirical research on Islam and economic life (pp. 213-252). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784710736.00017

Raza, S. (2015). Financial Inclusion: A Road Pakistan Needs to Travel. Journal of Institute of Bankers Pakistan, 7-10 https://ibp.org.pk/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/JOURNAL-JAN-MARCH-2015.pdf

Sharma, R. K., Jain, V., & Gupta, S. (2014). Financial Inclusion in Rural Oman: A Demand and Supply Analysis. International Journal of Management and International Business Studies, 4(3), 285-296. https://www.ripublication.com/ijmibs-spl/ijbmisv4n3spl_13.pdf

State Bank of Pakistan. (2015). National Financial Inclusion Strategy (NFIS). State Bank of Pakistan. https://www.sbp.org.pk/finc/NF.asp

Subbarao, D. (2009). Financial Inclusion: Challenges and Opportunities. Reserve Bank of India’s Bankers Club, Kolkata. https://unblock3d.net/rdocs/Speeches/PDFs/IFFG091209.pdf

The Global Findex Database. (2014). Measuring Financial Inclusion around the World. World Bank. https://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/681361466184854434/2014-Global-Findex-Report-DKSV.pdf

Tuesta, D., Sorensen, G., Haring, A., & Cámara, N. (2015). Financial inclusion and its determinants: the Argentine case. BBVA. Research Paper (15/03), 1, 28. https://www.bbvaresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/WP_15-03_Financial-Inclusion-in-Argentina.pdf

World Bank. (2014). Global Financial Development Report 2014 : Financial Inclusion. World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/16238

World Bank. (2015). Financial Inclusion. World Bank. http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/financialinclusion/overview#1

Downloads

Published

2022-12-31

How to Cite

Ijaz, M., & Saleem , H. M. N. (2022). Do demand side variables influence financial inclusion? Lessons from South Punjab – Pakistan. Journal of Financial Technologies (Fintech), Inclusion and Sustainability, 1(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.52461/jftis.v1i1.1795