Comparative Analysis of Democratization in Egypt and Tunisia

Key Factors behind Success and Failure (2011-2020)

Abstract

This paper critically evaluates the advent of Arab spring on democratization process in Arab world, concentrating mostly in Tunisia and Egypt. In general, this research aims to answer three main research questions: how the Arab spring affected democratization, what are the main reasons for the success of the formation of democracy and what factors led the failure of democratization movements in Egypt. In this paper, comparative results of Arab spring in various countries are provided, and the paper also shows that Tunisia experienced a relative success in formation of a democratic framework, while in Egypt, regression into authoritarianism was the outcome. As opposed to being dominated by the military, the economy is challenged, political cohesion is lacking, and the role of civil society, political pluralism, and international support are key factors in Tunisia, not in Egypt. The outcome of these democracies is important when considering the role of the Arab spring in influencing political transitions. Drawing on this gap, the study considers the political, economic, and social determinants that shaped process of democratization in both countries. Employing a qualitative approach, the research utilizes case studies and document analysis to assess institutional reforms, civil society engagement, and external influences. The findings are to provide insights into the challenges and opportunities for democratization in the region, offering valuable implications for policymakers, scholars, and international organizations. By contributing to the discourse on political transitions in MENA, this research aims to enhance the understanding of democratic consolidation and regression in post-revolutionary states.

Keywords: Democratization, Egypt, Middle East, Political pluralism, Tunisia.