A research review of the religious and cultural importance of Baytullah in the Banu Umayyad period

Abstract

Banu Umayyad was a prominent and wealthy tribe of Quraysh. The same family ruled the kingdom for almost a century after the Rashidah Caliphate and brought the Islamic conquests to their peak. Like the era of the Prophet (PBUH) and the Caliphate of Rashidah, Muslims were bound to worship during the Umayyad Caliphate. No one was indifferent to religious rituals. There were mosques in cities, towns, villages, etc., where five-time prayers were offered in congregation. During the era of Banwamiyyah, academic circles of hadith, jurisprudence, poetry and literature were held, where scholars who had a passion for knowledge would participate in droves to quench their thirst for knowledge. During the Umayyad period, Syria, Iraq and Hijaz were important centers of Islamic jurisprudence. The eastern Islamic world, especially India, had an administrative relationship with Syria and Iraq. That is why the jurisprudence of Syria and Iraq gained general acceptance in these countries. The utility of Baitullah is shown by the fact that although rebellions began during the Umayyad period, Abdul Malik bin Marwan had a dam built on the Meccan side to protect Baitullah and protect it from floods. Although the Kharijites appeared in Banu Umayyad, the worship status of Baitullah remained, due to which cultural development also took place.Abd al-Malik bin Marwan is considered the real founder of Banuamiyyah because he promoted civilization during his time. It would not be wrong if Umar bin Abdulaziz is described as the fifth Caliph Rashid because he ordered to live according to Islamic principles and emphasized on teaching civility to his subjects, eliminated unnecessary rituals and innovations from the religion of Islam.