قبیلہ ثقیف اور شہر طائف: ایک علمی و تاریخی مطالعہ

The Thaqif Tribe and The City of Taif: A Scientific and Historical Study

Abstract

The Thaqif tribe and the city of Taif hold significant importance in the political history of pre-Islamic and early Islamic Arabia. The Thaqif tribe, known for its warrior culture, resided in Taif, a prosperous city located near Mecca. Taif was a key economic and strategic center due to its fertile lands and its control over important trade routes. Politically, the Thaqif tribe was strong and maintained independence in pre-Islamic times. During the rise of Islam, the tribe resisted the Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) message and took part in conflicts against the Muslims, including the Battle of Hunayn. Despite initial resistance, Taif was eventually besieged by Muslim forces, though it remained defiant until 9 AH (630 CE) when the Thaqif tribe finally embraced Islam. After accepting Islam, the Thaqif tribe became integrated into the Islamic state and played a role in the expanding Islamic empire. The city of Taif continued to grow in importance during the Caliphate era, both as a trading hub and as a strategic military post. The political history of the Thaqif tribe and Taif reflects the broader transitions in Arabia during the emergence of Islam, from independent tribal politics to integration within a unified Islamic polity.