Navigating Mental Health Complexities: The Interplay of Depression, Self-esteem, Literacy, and Gender

Abstract

Current research explored a nexus among depression, self-esteem, literacy and gender. Empirical cross-sectional study employing quantitative method involved the collection of data from 500 individuals using purposive sampling. The sample was equally divided between genders, with 250 participants identifying as female—125 educated and 125 uneducated. The remaining 250 were male, with an even distribution of 125 educated and 125 uneducated individuals. Data collection utilized two measurement scales: the Beck Depression Inventory and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale ( in both Urdu and English versions) level of education was assessed through demographics. Results of correlations between Depression and Self-esteem revealed a significant negative relationship (r = -.523, p < 0.01), indicating that as Depression escalates; there's a corresponding decline in Self-esteem. This emphasizes the interdependency between these psychological facets, underscoring how fluctuations in one can influence the other—critical insight in understanding mental health dynamics. Moreover, the correlation involving Literacy, Depression, and Self-esteem (r = .009, p < 0.01) showcased an intriguing relationship. As Literacy levels rise, Depression tends to decrease while Self-esteem concurrently ascends.  The correlation involving Gender, Depression, and Self-esteem (r = -.026, p < 0.001) revealed a negative relationship, implying a link between gender and mental health outcomes. Self-esteem, Literacy, and Gender, emphasizing females' preference for supernatural explanations over-reporting depression. It highlighted education's potential protective role against Depression and the need for improved literacy to understand mental health complexities. Widespread awareness is crucial to dispel misconceptions and enable accurate diagnosis and treatment of mental health issues in communities.