Role of Leadership in Gendered Workplace Ostracism: Evidence from Higher Education Institutions of Pakistan

Abstract

Gender discrimination remains a persistent barrier to women's advancement in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Pakistan. This study investigates the impact of perceived gender discrimination on workplace ostracism among female academic staff and explores how leadership styles moderate this relationship. Using a quantitative exploratory research design, data were collected through structured questionnaires from female faculty members across public and private universities in Punjab. The findings reveal a significant positive association between perceived gender discrimination and workplace ostracism. Moreover, negative leadership styles were found to intensify this relationship, while supportive leadership mitigated the effects. The study underscores the importance of inclusive leadership and institutional reforms to counteract gender-based ostracism in academic environments. The findings provide practical insights for university policymakers and leaders to create a more equitable and inclusive work culture.