رسول اللہ ﷺ بحیثیت ماہر ومؤسس قانونِ جنگ: سیرت طیبہ اور آئی ایچ ایل کی روشنی میں ایک تحقیقی جائزہ

The Prophet (ﷺ) as an Expert and Founder of the Law of War: A Research Review in the Light of Sīrat Ṭayyibah and IHL

Abstract

It is an undeniable truth that every aspect of Prophet Muḥammad’s (ﷺ) life serves as an everlasting source of guidance for humanity. Even after fourteen centuries and remarkable advancements in human civilization, the world has yet to achieve the unparalleled standard of humanity and ethics established by the Prophet (ﷺ). A compelling example of this can be found in the realm of warfare. While modern civilizations took nearly 150 years to formulate ethical principles and laws governing warfare, a closer examination of the Sīrah (the life of the Prophet (ﷺ)   reveals that in just a decade, he introduced laws that were not only more comprehensive and humane but also deeply rooted in the principles of dignity and respect for humanity. Furthermore, these laws were not merely theoretical; the Prophet (ﷺ) implemented them practically, even as a powerful and victorious leader. In the modern era, the globally recognized framework for ethical conduct in warfare is known as International Humanitarian Law (IHL). These laws primarily aim to safeguard non-combatants, particularly vulnerable groups, civilian property, and individuals no longer participating in hostilities. This article seeks to demonstrate, through examples from the Sīrah, that Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ) was not only a visionary in ethical warfare but also its true pioneer. By analyzing his life and actions in the light of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), it becomes evident that the principles formally established by 20th-century experts were, in fact, laid down over fourteen centuries ago by the Prophet (ﷺ). His teachings form the foundation of the ethical and humanitarian principles of warfare that continue to inspire and guide humanity today.