علم الکلام اور مسئلہ تقدیر: تعارفی جائزہ

Ilm Al Kalam and the Problem of Predestination: An Introductory Overview

Abstract

Ilm al-Kalam is the science that establishes Islamic beliefs using rational (‘aqlī) and textual (naqlī) evidence. It is through this discipline that Muslim beliefs are protected from doubts and misconceptions, and it provides reasoned responses to the objections raised by critics. Theologians (Mutakallimīn) effectively counter false ideologies and atheistic philosophies with intellectual and practical arguments in defense of Islamic creedMany scholars consider Ilm al-Kalam to be a FardKifayah (collectiveobligation), while others regard it as Fard ‘Ayn (individual obligation), given its importance in defending the faith. Mastery and promotion of this science is crucial forthpreservation of religion. Ilm al-Kalam has not only been beneficial in the past but is also urgently needed in today’s scientific and intellectual era One of the major issues addressed within Ilm al-Kalam is the matter of predestination (Qadar). This is a highly sensitive yet important topic, and that is why the theologians have explained it in a thoughtful and rational manner that remains fully aligned with Islamic teachings.