عدالة الصحابة ومصادرية تفسيرهم: دراسة نقدية لشبهات الحداثية وأثرها على أصول الاستدلال

The integrity of the Prophet's Companions and their sources in interpreting the Qur'an: A Critical Study of Modernist Misconceptions and their impact on the principles of argumentation

Abstract

Abstract

Many verses in which Allah praises the Prophet's Companions affirm their high status and position in Islam, considering them sources for interpreting the Quran and its sciences. Their application of the teachings of the Noble Quran was instrumental in building an Islamic civilization with a significant scientific impact on Islamic history. This study sought to cover the integrity  of the Prophet's Companions (PBUH) and their primary sources in interpreting the Qur'an, and to analyze and critique the impact of Modernist Misconceptions about the Companions' interpretations of the Quran. The researcher employed an inductive methodology, examining and analyzing literature pertinent to the subject and sources associated with Tafsir (Quranic interpretation). One of the conclusions is that Allah and His Messenger's commendation of the Prophet's Companions in the Quran and Sunnah attests to their integrity.  Considering the Companions to be the best people  after the Prophet. Righteous predecessors unanimously agreed that any transgression against them is an offence against the core principles of Islam. Modernism is regarded as a deviant intellectual and rational tendency that aims to cause people to question the sources of the Quranic interpretation and  undermine confidence in Shaba’s (Companions) Tafsir. It also attempts to interpret the Qur'an with reason and logic without adhering to the established principles of the righteous predecessors. The most prominent modernist criticisms of the Companions' Tafsir came from an attempt to cast doubt on the sources of their interpretation, a call to adopt independent opinions other than the Companions', their failure to transmit the interpretation accurately, and insulting the integrity of the great Qur'anic interpreters among the Companions, accusing them of being influenced by the fictional narratives of the People of the Book. It has been demonstrated that the main effects of modernist doubts on the sources of the Companions' interpretation include undermining trust in the Companions' Tafsir, weakening the accepted sources and principles of Qur'anic interpretation, attempting to abolish methodological controls in proving facts, opening the field of Qur'anic interpretation with an independent opinion. The study also showed that the Companions' integrity does not imply that they were perfect or blameless; they may have made mistakes.  Instead, their integrity indicates that they did not purposefully fabricate information about the Prophet or in their testimony or transmission.  Their lack of infallibility does not necessarily mean that their integrity was compromised. The best strategy for criticizing modernist opponents, it is to focus on demonstrating the consensus of Islamic scholars on the integrity of the Companions of the Prophet, as well as what is explicitly stated in the texts. It's also critical to demonstrate the fallacies of their ideas and deviations, as well as their genuine motivations in their plot to discredit religious sources and authorities by disseminating doubts and misconceptions.