Gender and Withdrawal Behavior: Evidence from the Banking Sector in Northern Province of Sri Lanka
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52461/sabas.v6i1.3106Keywords:
Gender, Physical withdrawal behavior, Psychological withdrawal behavior, Banking sector, employees’ eco-friendly behavior, Sri LankaAbstract
This study examines the relationship between gender and withdrawal behavior of banking employees in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka. Employee turnover is an ongoing issue and a significant problem in the organization. It is costly for the organizations and depends on many reseasons. The employee shows withdrawal physically and psychologically. The withdrawal behavior of employees is measured by physical withdrawal behavior (PWB) and psychological withdrawal behavior (SWB). Utilizing quantitative research methods, data was collected through structured questionnaires distributed among banking staff. The study employs descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis with the collected data from 131 respondents in licensed commercial banks. The results of the study show that gender is positively and significantly associated with PWB and SWB. In addition to that, there is a significant mean difference between female and male staff on PWB and SWB. Importantly, the female staff’s mean withdrawal behavior in both terms is more than male staff. The findings of this study contribute to the existing literature on gender differences in workplace behavior and provide some insights and strategies into people management, especially recruitment, training and development, and leadership.
References
Abuzied, A., & Al-Romeedy, B. (2022). The Impact of Organizational Balance on Limiting Employee Withdrawal Behaviors Applied to Egyptian Tourism Companies. Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality, 23(1), 87-102. https://doi.org/10.21608/jaauth.2021.108217.1273
Brown, L., & Smith, R. (2012). Gender differences in psychological withdrawal behavior: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(3), 524–536.
Cropanzano, R., James, K., & Konovsky, M. A. (1997). Dispositional affectivity as a predictor of work attitudes and job performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18(5), 595-612.
Erdemli, O. (2015). Teachers’ withdrawal behaviors and their relationship with work ethic. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 15(60), 201-220. http://dx.doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2015.60.12
Eagly, A. H., & Wood, W. (2012). Social role theory. In P. A. M. Van Lange, A. W. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 458-476). SAGE Publications.
Gupta, A., et al. (2010). Gender differences in passive resistance behavior: A longitudinal study in the technology sector. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(6), 835–852.
Johnson, E., & Patel, R. (2017). Organizational support as a moderator of gender differences in psychological withdrawal behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(4), 536–552.
Judge, T. A., & Watanabe, S. (1994). The effects of company policies and personal attitudes on absenteeism. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(2), 160-170.
Judge, T. A., & Watanabe, S. (1994). Individual differences in the nature of the relationship between job and life satisfaction. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 67(2), 101-107.
Khawaja, K.F., Sarfraz, M., Rashid, M., & Rashid, M. (2022). How is the COVID-19 pandemic causing employee withdrawal behavior in the hospitality industry? An empirical investigation. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 5(3), 687-706. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/JHTI-01-2021-0002.
Koslowsky, M. (2009). A multi-level model of withdrawal: Integrating and synthesizing theory and findings. Human Resource Management Review, 19(4), 283–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2008.12.001
Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., & Barton-Bellessa, S. M. (2001). The impact of work-family conflict on correctional staff job stress. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 17(4), 408–430.
Lee, S., & Kim, H. (2018). The influence of personality traits on psychological withdrawal behavior: The mediating role of job satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 135, 15–20.
Lehman, D. R., & Simpson, J. A. (1992). Changing patterns of work, family, and gender roles: The future of work in America. Journal of Social Issues, 48(4), 1-18.
León, F.R., & Morales, O. (2018). Effects of People-oriented Leadership and Subordinate Employability on Call Center Withdrawal Behaviors. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 34(1), 56-62. https://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2018a7
Liu, C.E., Yuan, X., Zhang, M.N., & Hu, C.H. (2019). Work-related identity discrepancy and work withdrawal behavior: the mediation effect of negative emotion. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 10, 229-236. https://doi:10.30845/ijbss.v10n7p25
Lobene, E.V., & Meade, A.W. (2013). The effects of career calling and perceived overqualification on work outcomes for primary and secondary school teachers. Journal of Career Development, 40(6), 508-530. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1177/0894845313495512
Mursi, M. (2014). The Effect of Transactional Leadership on Sense of Job Insecurity and Psychological Withdrawal from Work, Afield Study. Jordan Journal of Business Administration, 10(2). https://journals.ju.edu.jo/JJBA/article/view/6623
Ng, T. W. H., & Feldman, D. C. (2008). The relationships of age with job attitudes: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 61(2), 667–718.
Shapira-Lishchinsky, O., & Even-Zohar, S. (2011). Withdrawal behaviors syndrome: An ethical perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 103, 429-451. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1007/s10551-011-0872-3
Smith, J., & Jones, A. (2005). Exploring gender differences in psychological withdrawal behavior: An empirical study. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 35(8), 1582–1602.
West, C., & Zimmerman, D. H. (1987). Doing gender. Gender & Society, 1(2), 125-151.
Wood, W., & Eagly, A. H. (2015). Biosocial construction of sex differences and similarities in behavior. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The Handbook of Social Psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 116-152).
Xuecheng, W., & Iqbal, Q. (2022). Factors affecting employee’s retention: Integration of situational leadership with social exchange theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 872105. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.872105
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 V. Thanuja, V. Anojan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The authors submitting and publishing in SABAS agree to the copyright policy under Creative Commons CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license (Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International). Under this license, the authors published in SABAS retain the copyright including publishing rights of their scholarly work and agree to let others remix, tweak, and build upon their work non-commercially.