A mini review of phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.)

Abstract

Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.), is a globally utilized fruit during hot summer season.  When a plant is explored for medicinally important phytoconstituents then other parts of the plant are also screened. This review provides knowledge about phytoconsituents and pharmacological activities of C. lanatus fruit, juice, leaf, rind and seeds. The plant has nutritional and medicinal value due to phenolic compounds and flavonids present in fruit and juice. The seeds are essential due to its fatty acid content. The major phytoconstituents reported include Lycopene, β Carotene, Cucurbutacin E, Citrulline, Arginine, β ionone, citral and ascorbic acid. Xanthophylls are also reported in some varieties.  Some researchers have conducted toxicological studies on C. lanatus seeds and found it safe for long term use. Others have reported antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. It also possesses antibacterial, antiulcer and antispasmodic activities. Citrulline, arginine and phenolic play role in dilation of vessels.  Much research work is carried out on C. lanatus seeds as compared to other parts of the plant.