Bir-Hima: Civilizational Features in the Light of Historical Findings
Keywords:
Archeology, Bir- Hima, Culture, Historical, Najran.Abstract
The Hima civilization is located at the momentous trade and commercial junctionat western region of Najran in Saudi Arabia. Najran is one of the ancient populoussites in the country that is enriched with historical and archaeological evidencesdiscovered in a variety of historical sites ranging from the prehistoric Stone Agethrough the Islamic period. The Bir- Hima Complex chronological period is from2500 to 1000 BC. It was a primary road for merchants, militaries and Hajjpilgrimage for the presence of sparkling water wells. Caravans; mostly fromsouthern sections of desert; such as; Mesopotamia, Levant and Egypt wereaccustomed to stop over at Bir- Hima. Besides, this historical route was also usedby commercial caravans from Greece and Rome, owing to which countenance ofbirth of new notions and intellectual advancement in the area was surfaced. Infact, it was oldest known toll station in Arabian Desert. This site is a hub ofhistorical-cultural evidences which brings into light several traits of pre Islamicand afterwards cultures. The land and its surrounding area are as well enrich inunexcavated archaeological resources, including that of cairns, stone buildings,interments, stone tool scatters, and old wells. In the light of above argument, thisarticle attempts to underscore distinguish civilization traits of Bir- Hima throughhistorical findings. This is historical narration of the civilizational features of Bir-Hima site.
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