The Higher Bureaucracy and Culture of Policy Making in South Asia: From Ancient to the First Decade of Pakistan
Keywords:
bureaucracy CSSAbstract
The word “bureaucracy” stems from the word “bureau”, used from the early 18th century in Western Europe not just to refer to a writing desk, but to an office, i.e., a workplace, where officials worked. The original French meaning of the word bureau was the baize used to cover desks. The term bureaucracy came into use shortly before the French Revolution of 1789 and from there rapidly spread to other countries. State is composed of many different institutions as like parliament, judiciary, army and bureaucracy which are interdependent and interrelated. Many social scientists consider bureaucracy as the public administrative system which aims to develop and regulate the decision-making process in the most effective way.
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