Religious Conviction or Pragmatic Strategy? Analyzing Iranian Foreign Policy from 2005 to 2020
Keywords:
Iranian foreign policy, pragmatism, religious ideology, Middle East, Syria, non-state actorsAbstract
This paper analyzes Iranian foreign policy from 2005 to 2020, examining the interplay between religious ideology and pragmatic strategy. It argues that while religion plays a significant role in shaping Iran's worldview and justifying its actions, pragmatism is the dominant driver of its foreign policy decisions. Through case studies of Iran's relations with Syria, Azerbaijan, and various non-state actors, and its policy towards Chechnya and Xinjiang, the paper demonstrates how Iran prioritizes national interests and strategic goals, even when they conflict with its foundational principles. The analysis covers the presidencies of Ahmadinejad and Rouhani, highlighting the continuity of pragmatic approaches despite differing political styles. The paper concludes that understanding Iranian foreign policy requires acknowledging the complex interaction of religious rhetoric and strategic calculation, with pragmatism ultimately guiding Iran's pursuit of regional influence and its engagement with the international community.
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